Stinger™

Ferric Chloride negatives:

1. It is an acid adding to wastewater that holds more Hydrogen Sulfide when it is base.
2. It adds Chloride and Electrical Conductivity to any wastewater that is treated with it,
meaning all wastewater has more salts in it. For municipalities that reuse water or inject
it into groundwater, this means more saltiness to the water.
3. Ferric Chloride adds ten percent or more to the weight of sludges.
4. Large quantities must be added to accomplish the goal of Sulfide reduction.
5. Peroxide must be added as well, doubling the cost, or the wastewater turns to mud for
the amount necessary.
6. Ferric ion reduction by Ferrous Sulfide and Sulfur contribute to poorer sludge flocs and
therefore more sludge, less density and more water in the sludge.
7. More difficult to de-water sludges.
8. Adds color to water and sludge.
9. No capacity in case of higher loading factor. Any increase in Sulfide concentration cannot
be adjusted by additions of more Ferric Chloride partly because you are already adding so much.
10. Hazardous Material –corrosive—classified as an acid.
11. Requires large tanks and specialized handling because it requires large volumes.
12. Limited points of addition of product, because of large volumes needed and limited
acesses for materials.
13. Sludging of waste lines.
14. Large addition rates—40mg/l compared to 2-3mg/l Stinger™
15. Stains concrete, plastic and metal.
16. Cannot be sprayed or misted.
17. Causes Corrosion of pipes and equipment

By comparison with Stinger™:

1. On the base side, instead of adding acid—better for Hydrogen Sulfide control.
2. Stinger™ produces no Electrical Conductivity (EC) to downstream wastewater.
3. Stinger™ contributes no sludge volume.
4. Low addition rates—5 gallons compared to 120 gallons.
5. Stinger™ encourages denser flocks.
6. At use levels, adds no color to the wastewater and no turbidity.
7. Extra capacity in case of higher loading capacity. Can even work catalytically in aerobic
systems, allowing removal rates at up to 40 molecules per molecule.
8. No Hazard class. Safe and not regulated.
9. Low addition rates mean small footprint for equipment.
10. Stinger™ can be added at any point in the system.
11. Decreases Corrosion.
12. Can be safely sprayed at low concentration to control gaseous emission due to splash
transfer and turbulent flow.
Top

Chlorine and Hypochlorite negative:

1. Dry Chlorine requires special handling equipment
2. Specialized Tanks and Permitting required
3. Specialized scrubbers required by OSHA for every addition point
4. Specialized safety protocols and chemical gear
5. Addition points limited to delivery equipment and danger
6. Cheap chemical, with expensive equipment and great danger
7. Active for minutes to about 4 hours.
8. Chlorine lowers the pH of wastewater.
9. Aerobic Digestors blow Chlorine out of the solution often rendering it ineffective at
controlling odors. The only answer is adding more and more Chlorine—a never ending cycle.
10. Being a gas dissolved in water it has limited ability to fight waterbourne odors
11. Kills friendly bacteria
12. Reacts with everything
13. Adds to the Electric Conductivity of wastewater (EC factor)
14. Non-specific chemical requiring large excesses to treat odors and wastes
15. Hypochorite and Chlorine react producing acid in the oxidation process. Hydrogen
16. Can oxidize organic nitrogen molecules all the way to nitrates

By Comparison to Stinger™:

1. No special handling equipment—rather, Stinger™ eliminates the need for it.
2. No special tanks —low addition rates mean that drums replace tanks
3. No special permitting
4. No scrubbing sytems required
5. Safety protocols—only general safety like wearing gloves and goggles
6. Addition points not limited by expensive equipment, can be dispensed anywhere
in the system
7. Cheaper than Bleach—with no danger
8. Active for hours to days
9. Increases pH of wastewater—increasing the solubility of Hydrogen Sulfide while it reacts
10. Effective in aerobic digestors—aerosol of product scrubs the air above the liquid.
Heavy vapor covers the solution of aerobic digestors and ponds
11. Stinger™ can act on air, water or even solids, removing odors safely
12. Stinger™ at use concentrations does not kill bacteria
13. Reacts specifically with odor chemicals and sulfur compounds
14. Adds no Electrical Conductivity (EC) to water
15. Chemical specific molecules lead to low addition rates—better for the environment
Top

Sodium Nitrate & Calcium Nitrate negative:

1. Adds Nitrates to Wastewater
2. Nitrates regulated in wastewater—by 2010 wastewater must be below 10 ppm in discharge
3. Nitrates are pervasive and persistent chemicals
4. Nitrates may or may not be used as an oxygen source for bacteria
5. High addition rates—recommended at 10 ppm
6. Expensive compared to Ferric Chloride
7. Not a viable chemical oxidizer
8. Used primarily to lower gaseous Hydrogen Sulfide in lift stations
9. States in literature that it does not chemically remove Hydrogen Sulfide
10. Not an antidote for Hydrogen Sulfide poisoning of bacteria
11. Not normally used in general treatment process
12. Does not claim to remove odors, only to assist biological processes to remove odors
13. Site specific odor reduction
14. Not used alone in treatment processes—basically because of the cost, the treatment rate,
and the nitrate contamination level.
15. Generally unsure of effectiveness overall.
16. Non-regulated
17. Safety compared to others
18. Source of oxygen in anaerobic systems—good in aerobic digestion, bad for anaerobic digestors.
19. Raises pH of wastewater

Comparison to Stinger™:

1. Contains no Nitrates
2. Biodegrades in anaerobic digestors over time
3. Not an oxidizer, but increases dissolved oxygen levels in aerobic digestors
4. Stinger™ does not kill bacteria, though it may enhance aerobic bacteria
5. Produces no sludge, and no residue
6. Low addition rates—one customer uses 2 gal Stinger™ instead of 100+ gallons Bioxide
7. Stinger™ is cheaper than Bioxide treatment
8. Stinger™ can be used in lift stations, in ponds, in aerobic and anaerobic digestore, at the headworks,
and in chemical scrubbers.
9. Stinger™ can also be atomized for treatment of headspace
10. Chemically reacts with Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur compounds
11. Can be used as both a treatment for lift stations and for general odor removal
12. Stinger™ can eliminate other odors such as mercaptans, ammonia, and general stinkiness
13. Stinger™ is very effective and quick—odor reduction results in 15 minutes or less
14. Non-regulated
15. As safe or safer than nitrates.
16. Low addition rates mean lower costs and lesser environmental issues
17. Raises pH of wastewater
Top